Size: 28,000 sq mi
Av. Rainfall: 20-32 in/yr
Characteristics:
The South Texas Brush Country is characterized by plains of thorny shrubs and trees and scattered patches of palms and subtropical woodlands in the Rio Grande Valley. The plains were once covered with open grasslands and a scattering of trees, and the valley woodlands were once more extensive. Today, the primary vegetation consists of thorny brush such as mesquite, acacia, and prickly pear mixed with areas of grassland.
The average annual rainfall of 20 to 32 inches increases from west to east. Average monthly rainfall is lowest during winter, and highest during spring (May or June) and fall (September). Summer temperatures are high, with very high evaporation rates. Soils of the region are alkaline to slightly acidic clays and clay loams. The deeper soils support tall brush, such as mesquite and spiny hackberry, whereas short, dense brush characterizes the shallow caliche soils.
Although many land changes have occurred in this region, the Brush Country remains rich in wildlife and a haven for many rare species of plants and animals. It is home for semi-tropical species that occur in Mexico, grassland species that range northward, and desert species commonly found in the Trans-Pecos.
Livestock grazing and crop production are the principal agricultural land uses. |
Alice-27.81 in / 205 ft
Crystal City-20.98 in / 581 ft
Eagle Pass-21.54 in / 797 ft
Falfurrias-25.88 in / 109 ft
George West-27.59 in / 162 ft
Laredo-21.42 in / 438 ft
McAllen-23.4 in / 122 ft
Pearsall-14.88 in / 646 ft
Pleasanton-17.65 / 374 ft
Poteet-28.94 in / 525 ft
Rio Grande City-9.10 in/ 238 ft
Three Rivers-12.59 in / 125 ft
Zapata-19.72 in / 311 ft
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Black lace cactus
Star cactus
Runyon's cory cactus
Sugarberry
Brasil
Anaqua
Freeno
Great leadtree
Retama
Texas ebony
Southern live oak
Saffron plum
Texas kidneywood
Honey mesquite
Texas wild olive
Desert yaupon
Fiddlewood
Rare Plants and Habitat
Ashy dogweed:
Mesquite grassland openings of thorny shrublands on deep, sandy soils
Johnston's frankenia:
rocky hillsides or saline clay loam flats within openings of thorny shrublands
Star cactus:
Openings of thorny shrublands on rocky clay loam soils
Texas ayenia:
Subtropical woodlands on alluvial deposits on flood plains and terraces of the Rio Grande
Walkers manioc:
Openings of thorny shrublands on sandy loam soils
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Ocelot
Jaguarundi
Coati
Chachalaca
Caracara
Road runner
Ferruginous pygmy-owl
Green jay
Elf owl
Texas tortoise
Indigo snake
Texas longnose snake
Mexican Burrowing toad
Rare Animals and Habitat
Jaguarundi and ocelot:
Dense, thorny, low brush
Interior least tern:
Bare sand, shell and gravel beaches, and bars and islands, associated with reservoirs along the Rio Grande
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